Remote and electronic voting by owners: country by country
The provision on this topic in each place we have a verified source for, with the date it was last checked.
| Place | Short answer | Provision | Last verified | Page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Yes. Taking part in the assembly by videoconference is allowed even where the regolamento does not provide for it, with the prior consent of the majority of the owners. | Art. 66, comma 6, disp. att. c.c. | Read | |
| Portugal | Yes. Whenever the building's administration decides, or the majority of owners asks, the owners' assembly is held by remote means of communication, preferably videoconference. | Decreto-Lei n.º 268/94, art. 1.º-A, n.os 1 e 2 | Read | |
| Brazil | Yes, as long as the condominium's convention does not forbid it. Convening, holding and deciding any kind of assembly may be done electronically, provided the owners keep their rights to speak, debate and vote. | Código Civil, art. 1.354-A, caput e § 1º | Read | |
| Colombia | Yes. The assembly can meet when owners, their representatives or delegates deliberate and decide by simultaneous or successive communication, through any means, as long as it can be proved and the quorum required for the case is… | Ley 675 de 2001, art. 42 | Read | |
| Chile | Yes, with conditions. Assembly sessions may be in person, remote (telematic) or mixed. Virtual participation, by videoconference or similar means, can be agreed in the community's reglamento de copropiedad, which must set… | Ley 21.442, art. 15 | Read | |
| Germany | Yes. Owners can resolve, by at least three quarters of the votes cast, that assemblies take place for up to three years without owners and manager being physically present at one venue (a virtual assembly). | § 23 Absatz 1a WEG | Read | |
| Croatia | In a limited way. If, because of the building's size or other justified reasons, a meeting cannot be convened with the majority needed for a decision, the co-owners' representative or another interested co-owner can obtain… | Zakon o upravljanju i održavanju zgrada (NN 152/2024), članak 40., stavci 1. i 2. | Read | |
| Serbia | Yes. An owner may vote in writing or electronically, and in that case is treated as present for the quorum. | Закон о становању и одржавању зграда, члан 44, ст. 4 | Read | |
| Slovenia | Yes. Owners can decide on management matters by signing a document, at the assembly or by electronic voting, and the methods can complement each other. | Stanovanjski zakon (SZ-1), 35.a člen, in Pravilnik o upravljanju večstanovanjskih stavb, 12.a člen | Read | |
| Latvia | Yes. The community decides how meetings are convened and held, including through online electronic communication means. | Dzīvokļa īpašuma likums, 19. panta pirmā un piektā daļa | Read | |
| Poland | The act provides for resolutions adopted at a meeting or by the board collecting votes individually, and a resolution may be the result of votes cast partly at the meeting and partly collected individually. | Ustawa o własności lokali, art. 23 ust. 1 | Read | |
| Kazakhstan | Yes. Owners may vote through a digital object in the housing and utilities sphere. The vote runs at least seven days and at most two months from the announcement of the meeting, and its results count towards the totals of both… | Закон «О жилищных отношениях», ст. 42, п. 2 и ст. 44 | Read | |
| Kyrgyzstan | A general meeting may be held in person or by absentee voting by poll. Absentee voting works on paper: the board prepares ballot sheets, every page is signed by the chairman of the board and stamped, and the sheets are attached… | Закон КР № 122, ст. 14, п. 2, и ст. 14² | Read | |
| Uzbekistan | From 1 July 2026, in Tashkent, initiating, holding and deciding general meetings of multi-apartment buildings, concluding contracts, managers' reports and receiving and reviewing appeals are done only in the state information… | ПҚ-48 от 05.02.2026, п. 9 (а) | Read | |
| Armenia | Decisions may be taken at a convened meeting, by poll (in the law's words, voting in absentia) or, for listed questions only, by notification. | «Բազմաբնակարան շենքի կառավարման մասին» օրենք, հոդված 11, մաս 6, և հոդված 13, մաս 5 | Read | |
| Azerbaijan | Absentee voting exists: the decision can be taken without a session, with owners sending their written decisions to the place or address named in the notice. | Mənzil Məcəlləsi, maddə 46.1 və 47.5 | Read | |
| Vietnam | The conference is held in person. An online meeting, or a hybrid of in-person and online, is allowed only when an epidemic or natural disaster makes it impossible to meet in person. | Luật Nhà ở 2023 (Luật số 27/2023/QH15), Điều 145 khoản 2 | Read | |
| Florida | A Florida condominium association may conduct elections and other unit owner votes through an Internet-based online voting system if the unit owner consents, electronically or in writing, and if the statute's conditions are met. | Fla. Stat. § 718.128 (condominiums) | Read | |
| Texas | In a Texas property owners' association an owner's vote may be cast in person or by proxy at a meeting, by absentee ballot, by electronic ballot, or by any method of representative or delegated voting provided by a dedicatory… | Tex. Prop. Code § 209.00592(a), (b) and (d) | Read | |
| California | Since 1 January 2025, a California association may adopt an election operating rule that lets it use an inspector or inspectors of elections to run an election by electronic secret ballot. | Cal. Civ. Code § 5105(i) | Read | |
| Arizona | After the declarant control period ends, votes allocated to a unit in an Arizona condominium may not be cast by proxy. | A.R.S. § 33-1250(C)-(D) | Read |