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Legal reference

HOA and condo law in the United States

Condominium and HOA rules are state law. These are the provisions we have verified for Florida, Texas, California and Arizona: each answer quotes the statute word for word, links the official text and shows when we last checked it against that text.

The statutes differ by state and by type of association: the Florida and Arizona pages quote the condominium statutes, the Texas pages the property owners' association chapter, the California pages the Davis-Stirling Act on common interest developments. A rule of one state says nothing about another.

Florida

TopicProvisionLast verified
Notice period for the owners' meeting

For the annual meeting of a Florida condominium association, the written notice must include an agenda and be mailed, hand delivered or electronically transmitted to each unit owner at least 14 days before the meeting.

Fla. Stat. § 718.112(2)(d)4. (condominiums)
Quorum and majorities at the owners' meeting

In a residential condominium board election there is no quorum requirement. The election is decided by a plurality of the ballots cast, but at least 20 percent of the eligible voters must cast a ballot for the election to be…

Fla. Stat. § 718.112(2)(d)5. (condominium board elections)
Remote and electronic voting by owners

A Florida condominium association may conduct elections and other unit owner votes through an Internet-based online voting system if the unit owner consents, electronically or in writing, and if the statute's conditions are met.

Fla. Stat. § 718.128 (condominiums)
Reserve and repair fund rules

A residential condominium association must have a structural integrity reserve study completed at least every 10 years for each building three habitable stories or higher.

Fla. Stat. § 718.112(2)(g)1. and (2)(f)2.b.
Arrears: what happens when owners do not pay

Assessments not paid when due bear interest at the rate in the declaration, or 18 percent a year if the declaration sets none.

Fla. Stat. § 718.116(3) and (5)(a)

Texas

TopicProvisionLast verified
Remote and electronic voting by owners

In a Texas property owners' association an owner's vote may be cast in person or by proxy at a meeting, by absentee ballot, by electronic ballot, or by any method of representative or delegated voting provided by a dedicatory…

Tex. Prop. Code § 209.00592(a), (b) and (d)
Arrears: what happens when owners do not pay

A payment received by a Texas property owners' association is applied in this order: delinquent assessments, current assessments, attorney's fees or third-party collection costs tied to assessments or other charges that can…

Tex. Prop. Code § 209.0063(a)

California

TopicProvisionLast verified
Remote and electronic voting by owners

Since 1 January 2025, a California association may adopt an election operating rule that lets it use an inspector or inspectors of elections to run an election by electronic secret ballot.

Cal. Civ. Code § 5105(i)
Arrears: what happens when owners do not pay

A regular or special assessment is delinquent 15 days after it becomes due, unless the declaration provides a longer period.

Cal. Civ. Code §§ 5650(b) and 5655(a)

Arizona

TopicProvisionLast verified
Remote and electronic voting by owners

After the declarant control period ends, votes allocated to a unit in an Arizona condominium may not be cast by proxy.

A.R.S. § 33-1250(C)-(D)
Arrears: what happens when owners do not pay

The association has a common expense lien on a unit for any assessment from the time the assessment becomes due.

A.R.S. § 33-1256(A)
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